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② ¹ýÀÇ ±â¿ø / ÀηùÀÇ ÀçÆÇ¿ª»ç/ ´ëÇѹα¹ ¹ýÀÇ Åº»ý [¹ý°ú ¹ý¿ø½Ç]¿¡ ¿À½Å ¿©·¯ºÐ, ȯ¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °ø°£¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¹ýÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ¿ª»ç¸¦ ½±°í Àç¹ÌÀÖ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ¹ýÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¶æÇÏ´ÂÁö, ±× ´Ü¾îÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» µû¶ó ¿Ã¶ó°¡ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. µ¿¾ç¿¡¼ ¹ýÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÇÑÀÚ´Â ‘¹° ¼ö’ÀÚ¿Í ‘°¥ °Å’ÀÚ·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹ýÀ̶õ ¹°ÀÌ È帣´Â °Íó·³ °øÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼¾ç¿¡¼µµ ¹ýÀ» ¶æÇÏ´Â ¶óƾ¾îÀÇ ius, µ¶ÀϾîÀÇ recht, ÇÁ¶û½º¾îÀÇ droit´Â ¸ðµÎ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µ¿¾ç°ú ¼¾ç ¸ðµÎ ¹ýÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ´Ü¾î´Â °øÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¹Ù¸£´Ù´Â ¶æÀ» ´ã°í Àֳ׿ä. ´ÙÀ½Àº ¼¼°è 3´ë ¹ýÀüÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. Àηù ¿ª»ç¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£ ¼¼ °¡ÁöÀÇ ¹ýÀü, ±× ù ¹øÂ°´Â ±â¿øÀü 1750³â °æ ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾Æ ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ ÇÔ¹«¶óºñ¿ÕÀÌ ÆíÂùÇÑ ÇÔ¹«¶óºñ ¹ýÀüÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ‘´«¿¡´Â ´«, ÀÌ¿¡´Â ÀÌ’¶ó´Â ¹®±¸·Î À¯¸íÇÑ ÀÌ ¹ýÀüÀº, ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁöµµ ¼¾Æ½Ã¾Æ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¹ý·ü¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ°´Â 6¼¼±â¿¡ ·Î¸¶ÀÇ À¯½ºÆ¼´Ï¾Æ´©½º ȲÁ¦°¡ Áý´ë¼ºÇÑ ·Î¸¶¹ý´ëÀüÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±â¿øÀü 5¼¼±â ÀÌÈÄ Ãµ ³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ·Î¸¶¹ý°ú Çм³À» Áý´ë¼ºÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¹ýÀÇ Á¾·ù¸¦ °ø¹ý°ú »ç¹ýÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î ±Ù´ë ¹ýÁ¤½ÅÀÇ ±âÁØÀ» ¼¼¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·Àº 1804³â ÇÁ¶û½º ³ªÆú·¹¿ËÀÌ ÆíÂùÇÑ ³ªÆú·¹¿Ë ¹ýÀüÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º Çõ¸íÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ Á¤½Å¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇØ, ¹ý ¾Õ¿¡¼ÀÇ Æòµî, °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í Àç»êÀÇ Á¸Áß µî ±Ù´ë ½Ã¹Î¹ý ¿ø¸®¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ¾î ÀÌÈÄ Á¦Á¤µÈ ¹Î¹ýÀüµéÀÇ ¸ð¹üÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼¼°è 3´ë ¹ýÀü¿¡ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¹ýÀüÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼ ¾Æ½¬¿ì¼Ì³ª¿ä? ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®µµ ÀÚ¶û½º·¯¿î ¹ýÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ¹ýÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¾Ë¾Æº¼±î¿ä? ÇöÀç ¿ì¸®°¡ »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â Çå¹ý, ¹Î¹ý, Çü¹ý µîÀÇ ±âº»¹ýÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ź»ýÇßÀ»±î¿ä? 1945³â ±¤º¹À» ÀÌ·é µÚ °¡Àå ½Ã±ÞÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸®¸¸ÀÇ ¹ýÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ÀÏÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ 1948³â 5¿ù 31ÀÏ Á¦Ç屹ȸ¸¦ ¿°í, À¯Áø¿À ¹Ú»ç¿Í ÇàÁ¤¿¬±¸È¸°¡ ¸¸µç Çå¹ýÃʾÈÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ´ëÇѹα¹ Çå¹ýÀ» 1948³â 7¿ù 17ÀÏ °øÆ÷ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.Á¦ÇåÇå¹ý¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇØ ¼ö¸³µÈ ´ëÇѹα¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â Çü¹ý, ¹Î¹ý µî ±âÃʹýÀüÀÇ ÆíÂùÀ» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÏÁö¸¸ 1950³â ¹ß¹ßÇÑ 6.25ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Áö¿¬µË´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àü¶õ Áß¿¡µµ ÃÊ´ë ´ë¹ý¿øÀåÀÎ ±èº´·Î ¹ýÀüÆíÂùÀ§¿øÈ¸ À§¿øÀåÀÇ Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ ¿Á¤À¸·Î ±âÃʹýµéÀÇ ÃʾÈÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÇ°í, ¸¶Ä§³» 1953³â Çü¹ýÀ», 1958³â ¹Î¹ýÀ» Á¦Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Àü½ÃµÈ À¯Áø¿À ¹Ú»çÀÇ Çå¹ýÃʾȰú Á¦ÇåÇå¹ý Àü¹®, ±×¸®°í ±èº´·Î ÃÊ´ë ´ë¹ý¿øÀåÀÇ Çü¹ý, ¹Î¹ý ÃʾÈÀ» »ìÆìº¸¼¼¿ä. ② Origins of Law The History of Trials The Beginning of the Law in the Republic of Korea Welcome to the Law and Court Room. Here, we will take a look at the true meaning of the Law and its history. Relax. They are easy and fun to enjoy. First of all, we will learn about the true meaning of the Law and the origin of the word itself. In Asia, the Chinese character that stands for the Law is composed of the characters that stand for water and 'to go.' This signifies the idea that the law is supposed to be fair as running water. In the West, 'ius' in Latin, 'recht' in German, and 'droit' in French all stand for something 'right.' As you see, the words that stand for the 'law' all have the meaning of ‘right and fair’, in the East and West alike. In the history of law, there are three great code of laws. These codes left their footprints throughout the history of the law until today. The first of these great code of laws is the Code of Hammurabi, a set of laws made by King Hammurabi of ancient Babylonia, B.C. 1750. This law is famous for its provisions saying 'Eye for eye, teeth for teeth.' And, you can still find the influences of this law in many laws in Western Asia. The second of the great codes of law is Corpus Juris Civilis of Roman Empire made by Emperor Justiniaus in the 6th century This set of law is a collection of a thousand years' Roman codes of laws and legal theories since 5th century B.C. And, it was the first law to separate the civil law and public law, which has paved the way to the modern ideas of law. The last of these codes of law was is the Napoleonic Code enacted in 1804, made by Napoleon himself. The law has served as a model for the civil laws in the following times as it contains the fundamental principles of the modern civil laws, based on the ideas of Democracy of French Revolution, including the equality of all citizens in law and respecting the freedom and property of individuals. As you can see, there is no Korean code of laws among the greatest three laws in the world. But, please do not be disappointed. We, Koreans, have our own proud history of laws. Now let's take a look at our history of laws. How did the Koreans make the fundamental laws that we use today, such as the Constitution, civil law, and the criminal law at first? After the independence of Korea, the first thing the Koreans realized was that we needed a set of our own laws. To solve this problem, they opened the constitutional congress on May 31, 1948, and declared our own Constitution on July 17, 1948, which has been drafted by Dr. Jino Yoo and the Administration Research Association. With this First Constitution, the government of the Republic of Korea tried to establish subordinate legal systems that included the criminal law and civil law. But, this process was delayed by the outbreak of Korean War in 1950. However, even during the time of war, the initial drafts of the laws were prepared by the selfless efforts of Dr. Byeogro Kim, who was the chair of the Law Preparation Committee, as well as other members. And, their endeavors finally saw its fruits as the criminal law in 1953 and the civil law in 1958. Please take a look at the original draft of Korean Constitution prepared by Dr. Yoo at first and the full text of the enacted version of our first Constitution. You may also look at the initial drafts of the criminal law and the civil law prepared by the first Chief Justice of Korea, Justice Byeongro Kim. |
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